How can developers implement secure file handling to prevent file-based attacks

Question

In my application, I want to ensure secure file handling to prevent file-based attacks, such as malicious file uploads or unauthorized file access. Are there coding practices or specific functions that can help secure the handling, storage, and retrieval of files? I’m particularly interested in methods for validating file types, setting appropriate permissions, and handling file paths securely to avoid risks like directory traversal.

Any recommended practices or examples of secure file-handling techniques would be helpful.