There is no do...while loop because there is no nice way to define one that fits in the statement: indented block pattern used by every other Python compound statement. As such proposals to add such syntax have never reached agreement.
Nor is there really any need to have such a construct, not when you can just do:
while True:
# statement(s)
if not condition:
break
and have the exact same effect as a C do { .. } while condition loop.