What are Operators in Java and its Types?

Operators are the constructs which can manipulate the values of the operands. Consider the expression 2 + 3 = 5, here 2 and 3 are operands and + is called operator. In this article on Java operators, the goal is to get you the expertise required to get started and work with operators in Java.

Java supports the following types of operators:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Logical Operators
• Relational Operators
• Unary Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Ternary Operators
• Shift Operators

Let’s focus on each of these operators one by one.

Arithmetic Operators in Java

Arithmetic Operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, etc. Assume that A = 10 and B = 20 for the below table.

Consider the below example:

package Edureka;

public class ArithmeticOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		    int A = 10;
		    int B = 20;
		    System.out.println(A + B);
		    System.out.println(A - B);
		    System.out.println(A * B);
		    System.out.println(A / B);
		    System.out.println(A % B);
		  }

}

Output: 

30
-10
200
0
10

Assignment Operators in Java

An Assignment Operator is an operator used to assign a new value to a variable. Assume A = 10 and B = 20 for the below table.

Consider the below example:

package Edureka;

public class JavaOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		    int a = 10;
		    int b=20;
		    int c;
		    System.out.println(c = a); // Output =10
		    System.out.println(b += a);// Output=30
		    System.out.println(b -= a);// Output=20
		    System.out.println(b *= a);// Output=200
		    System.out.println(b /= a);// Output=2
		    System.out.println(b %= a);// Output=0
		    System.out.println(b ^= a);// Output=0
		  }

}

Moving ahead in Java operators tutorial, let’s see what are comparison operators.

Relational Operators in Java

These operators compare the values on either side of them and decide the relation among them. Assume A = 10 and B = 20.

Consider the below example:

package Edureka;

public class JavaOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		    int a = 10;
		    int b=20;
		    System.out.println(a == b); // returns false because 10 is not equal to 20
		    System.out.println(a != b); // returns true because 10 is not equal to 20
		    System.out.println(a > b); // returns false 
		    System.out.println(a < b); // returns true 
                    System.out.println(a >= b); // returns false
		    System.out.println(a <= b); // returns true 
		  }
		  
}

Next up, let’s focus on logical operators in Java.

Logical Operators in Java

The following are the Logical operators present in Java:

Consider the below example:

package Edureka;

public class JavaOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		    int a = 10;
		System.out.println(a<10 & a<20);  //returns false
		System.out.println(a<10 || a<20); //returns true
		System.out.println(!(a<10 &  a<20)); //returns true
		  }  
}

Now let’s see unary operators in Java.

Unary Operator in Java

 Unary operators are the one that needs a single operand and are used to increment a value, decrement or negate a value.

Consider the following example:

package Edureka;

public class JavaOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		    int a = 10;
		    boolean b=true;
        System.out.println(a++);  //returns 11
        System.out.println(++a);  
        System.out.println(a--);  
        System.out.println(--a);  
        System.out.println(!b); // returns false
		  }  
}

Moving ahead, let’s understand bitwise operator in Java

Bitwise Operator in Java

Bitwise operations directly manipulate bits. In all computers, numbers are represented with bits, a series of zeros and ones. In fact, pretty much everything in a computer is represented by bits. Assume that A = 10 and B = 20 for the below table. 

Consider the example shown below:

package Edureka;

public class JavaOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		    int a = 58; //111010
		    int b=13; //1101
        System.out.println(a&b);  //returns 8 = 1000
        System.out.println(a|b);  //63=111111
        System.out.println(a^b);  //55=11011
        System.out.println(~a);  //-59
		  }  
}

Next up, let’s focus on the ternary operator in Java

Ternary Operators in Java

The ternary operator is a conditional operator that decreases the length of code while performing comparisons and conditionals. This method is an alternative for using if-else and nested if-else statements. The order of execution for this operator is from left to right.

Syntax:

(Condition) ? (Statement1) : (Statement2);

• Condition: It is the expression to be evaluated which returns a boolean value.
• Statement 1: It is the statement to be executed if the condition results in a true state.
• Statement 2: It is the statement to be executed if the condition results in a false state.

Consider the below example:

package Edureka;

public class JavaOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		  int a = 20, b = 10, c = 30, res; 
		res = ((a > b) ? (a > c)? a: c: (b > c)? b: c); 
		System.out.println("Max of three numbers = "+ res); 
		} 
}

Output– Max of three numbers = 30

Moving ahead to the last java operator, let’s understand Shift operators in Java.

Shift Operators in Java

Shift operators are used to shift the bits of a number left or right, thereby multiplying or dividing the number. There are three different types of shift operators, namely left shift operator()<<, signed right operator(>>) and unsigned right shift operator(>>>).

Syntax:

 number shift_op number_of_places_to_shift;

Consider the following example:

package Edureka;

public class JavaOperators {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
		    int a=58; 
        System.out.println(a<<2); //232=11101000 
        System.out.println(a>>2);  //returns 14=1110
        System.out.println(a>>>2); //returns 14
		  }  
}

With this, we come to an end of this article on the different Java operators. I hope this article was informative to you.

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