Yes. It is possible to understand the programming/language or platform by file extension. For example:
- asp — Microsoft Active Server Pages
- aspx — Microsoft ASP.NET
- pl — Perl language
- py — Python language
- jsp — Java Server Pages
- php — PHP language
But in most cases, you don't see the extension of the file, you only see the file name. In such cases, you can manually append the extensions and check which works.
For example, if the web page url is www.abc.com/xyz and the page is written in php, the appending a .py extension
www.abc.com/xyz.py
will give a page not found error. But adding .php as the extension
www.abc.com/xyz.py
will work fine. This means the the page is written in php language