I've created a new linux instance on Amazon EC2, and as part of that downloaded the .pem file to allow me to SSH in.
When I tried to ssh with:
ssh -i myfile.pem <public dns>
I got:
Permissions 0644 for 'amazonec2.pem' are too open.
It is recommended that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
bad permissions: ignore key: amazonec2.pem
Permission denied (publickey).