You can use the "data" field of a transaction to put that short text. You have to encode to hex your text. For example if you want to write "ABC" you need to send "0x414243". This will cost you more gas, though!
public EthSendTransaction sendTransaction(
BigInteger gasPrice, BigInteger gasLimit, String to,
String data, BigInteger value)
throws IOException {
Transaction transaction = new Transaction(
getFromAddress(), null, gasPrice, gasLimit, to, value, data);
return web3j.ethSendTransaction(transaction)
.send();
}