What is this weird colon-member syntax in the constructor

Question

#include <iostream>

class Foo {
public:
  int bar;
  Foo(int num): bar(num) {};
};

int main(void) {
  std::cout << Foo(42).bar << std::endl;
  return 0;
}

What does this strange : bar(num) mean? It somehow seems to initialize the member variable but I've never seen this syntax before. It looks like a function/constructor call but for an int? Makes no sense for me. Perhaps someone could enlighten me. And, by the way, are there any other esoteric language features like this, you'll never find in an ordinary C++ book?