Socket programming in Java is used for communication between the applications that are running on different JRE. It can be either connection-oriented or connectionless. On the whole, a socket is a way to establish a connection between a client and a server. In this article, I will tell you all about Socket Programming.
Below topics are covered in this article:
- What is Socket Programming in Java?
- What is a Socket in Java?
- Client Side Programming
- Server Side Programming
What is Socket Programming in Java?
Socket programming is a way of connecting two nodes on a network to communicate with each other. One socket (node) listens on a particular port at an IP, while other socket reaches out to the other in order to form a connection.
The server forms the listener socket while the client reaches out to the server. Socket and Server Socket classes are used for connection-oriented socket programming.
Now let’s understand the core concept of Socket Programming i.e. a socket.
What is a Socket in Java?
A socket in Java is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network. A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the application that data is destined to be sent to.
Now that you know, what is Socket in Java, let’s move further and understand how does client communicates with the server and how the server responds back.
Client Side Programming
In the case of client-side programming, the client will first wait for the server to start. Once the server is up and running, it will send the requests to the server. After that, the client will wait for the response from the server. So, this is the whole logic of client and server communication. Now let’s understand the client side and server side programming in detail.
In order to initiate a clients request, you need to follow the below-mentioned steps:
1. Establish a Connection
The very first step is to establish a socket connection. A socket connection implies that the two machines have information about each other’s network location (IP Address) and TCP port.
You can create a Socket with the help of a below statement:
Socket socket = new Socket(“127.0.0.1”, 5000)
Here, the first argument represents the IP address of Server.
The second argument represents the TCP Port. (It is a number that represents which application should run on a server.)
2. Communication
In order to communicate over a socket connection, streams are used for both input and output the data. After establishing a connection and sending the requests, you need to close the connection.
3. Closing the connection
The socket connection is closed explicitly once the message to the server is sent.
Now let’s see how to write a Java program to implement socket connection at client side.
// A Java program for a ClientSide
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ClientProgram
{
// initialize socket and input output streams
private Socket socket = null;
private DataInputStream input = null;
private DataOutputStream out = null;
// constructor to put ip address and port
public Client(String address, int port)
{
// establish a connection
try
{
socket = new Socket(address, port);
System.out.println("Connected");
// takes input from terminal
input = new DataInputStream(System.in);
// sends output to the socket
out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
}
catch(UnknownHostException u)
{
System.out.println(u);
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}// string to read message from input
String line = "";
// keep reading until "Over" is input
while (!line.equals("Over"))
{
try
{
line = input.readLine();
out.writeUTF(line);
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
}
// close the connection
try
{
input.close();
out.close();
socket.close();
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Client client = new Client("127.0.0.1", 5000);
}
}Now, let’s implement server-side programming and then arrive at the output.
Server Side Programming
Basically, the server will instantiate its object and wait for the client request. Once the client sends the request, the server will communicate back with the response.
In order to code the server-side application, you need two sockets and they are as follows:
A ServerSocket which waits for the client requests (when a client makes a new Socket())
A plain old socket for communication with the client.
After this, you need to communicate with the client with the response.
Communication
getOutputStream() method is used to send the output through the socket.
Close the Connection
It is important to close the connection by closing the socket as well as input/output streams once everything is done.
Now let’s see how to write a Java program to implement socket connection at server side.
// A Java program for a Serverside
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ServerSide
{
//initialize socket and input stream
private Socket socket = null;
private ServerSocket server = null;
private DataInputStream in = null;
// constructor with port
public Server(int port)
{
// starts server and waits for a connection
try{
server = new ServerSocket(port);
System.out.println("Server started");
System.out.println("Waiting for a client ...");
socket = server.accept();
System.out.println("Client accepted");
// takes input from the client socket
in = new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()));
String line = "";
// reads message from client until "Over" is sent
while (!line.equals("Over"))
{
try
{
line = in.readUTF();
System.out.println(line);
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
}
System.out.println("Closing connection");
// close connection
socket.close();
in.close();
}
catch(IOException i){
System.out.println(i);
}
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Server server = new Server(5000);
}
}After configuring both client and server end, you can execute the server side program first. After that, you need to run client side program and send the request. As soon as the request is sent from the client end, server will respond back. Below snapshot represents the same.
1. When you run the server side script, it will start and wait for the client to get started.
2. Next, the client will get connected and inputs the request in the form of a string.
3. When the client sends the request, the server will respond back.
That’s how you need to execute a socket program in Java. You can also execute these programs on a terminal window or a command prompt. But, as Eclipse is well advanced with its features, you can simply execute both the programs on a console.
This brings us to the end of the article on Socket Programming in Java. I hope I have thrown some light on to your knowledge on Socket Programming.
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