As a beginner, you will often come across a factorial program in Java interview. In Layman’s term, Factorial of a positive integer is the product of all descending integers. Factorial of a number(n) is denoted by n!. Also, factorial of 0 is 1 and it is not defined for negative integers. Here’s a simple representation to calculate factorial of a number-
n! = n*(n-1)*(n-2)* . . . . . *1
There are multiple ways to find factorial in Java, which is listed below-
- Factorial program in Java using for loop
- Factorial program in Java using while loop
- Factorial program in Java using recursion
Factorial Program using For Loop
This is one of the easiest programs to find factorial of a number using ‘For Loop’. Let’s dive into an example and find a factorial of a given input.
public class FactorialProgram{
public static void main(String args[]){
int i,fact=1; // defining fact=1 since least value is 1
int number=5; // given input to calculate factorial
for(i=1;i<=number;i++){
fact=fact*i;
}
System.out.println("Factorial of "+number+" = "+fact);
}
} Output: Factorial of 5 = 120
Explanation: The number whose factorial is to be found is taken as input and stored in a variable ‘number’. Here, we have initialized fact=1 since least value is 1. Then, we’ve used for loop to loop through all the numbers between 1 and the input number(5), where the product of each number is stored in a variable ‘fact’.
Note: The logic of the factorial program remains the same, but the execution differs.
Now that you are clear with the logic, let’s try to implement the factorial program in Java in another way i.e using while loop.
Factorial program in Java using while loop
While loop in Java help your code to be executed repeatedly based on the condition. Let’s visit the code and implement the factorial program in Java using while loop.
Do let us know if you face any errors or doubts related to the program.
public class FactorialProgram
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int number = 5; // user-defined input to find factorial
long fact = 1; // defining fact=1 since least value is 1
int i = 1;
while(i<=number)
{
fact = fact * i;
i++;
}
System.out.println("Factorial of "+number+" = "+fact);
}
}Output: Factorial of 5 = 120
Explanation- In the above program, the value of i is incremented inside the body of the loop. As I have already mentioned above, the logic remains the same for factorial in java, just the execution differs.
Moving ahead, let’s implement factorial in Java using recursion.
Factorial program in Java using Recursion
Recursion is a function or a method which calls itself continuously. You can use recursive methods which call itself, thereby making the code short but a little complex to understand. Let’s understand more about recursion by visiting the below code.
public class FactorialProgram
{
static int factorial(int n){
if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
return(n * factorial(n-1));
}
public static void main(String args[]){
int i,fact=1;
int number=5; // user-defined input to find factorial
fact = factorial(number);
System.out.println("Factorial of "+number+" is = "+fact);
}
}
Output- Factorial of 5 is= 120
Explanation: In the above code, I have created a recursive method factorial which calls itself until the condition has met.
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